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Business Statistics - Lecture Content |
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• Course Lectures
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Lecture 1 – Descriptive Statistics
- Population and Sample.
- Random Sampling.
- Parameter and Statistic.
- Quantitative and Qualitative Variables.
- Introduction to Raw (Ungrouped) Data Sets and Grouped Data Sets (Frequency Distributions.)
- Calculations of Measures of Central Tendency for Raw Data Sets. (Mean, Median and Mode).
- Calculations of Measures of Dispersion for Raw Data Sets. (Range, Average Deviation, Variance, Standard Deviation, Percentiles, Quartiles and Deciles)
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Lecture 2 – Descriptive Statistics II
- Grouped Data Sets which are Known as Frequency Distributions.
- Calculations of Measure of Central Tendency for Grouped Data Sets.
- Calculations of Measures of Dispersion for Grouped Data Sets.
- Adjustments if the Data Set is a Population or a Sample.
- The Empirical Rule and Chebyshev's Theorem.
- Pearsonian's Coefficient of Skewness.
- The Coefficient of Variation.
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Lecture 3 – Probabilities-The Basics
- The Three Generally Accepted Approaches to Probability.
- Sample Space as Seen From Playing Cards.
- Odds Making (for you horse racing enthusiasts).
- Three Methods of Calculating Probabilities. (Probability Tree, Addition and Subtraction Rules, Frequency Table and Probability Table).
- Arranging the Data Sets into Sub-Sets Using Permutations and Combinations.
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Lecture 4 – Probabilities II - Probability Distributions
- Binominal Probability Distributions - Discrete Data Sets.
- Uniform Probability Distributions - Continuous Data Sets.
- Normal and Standard Normal Probability Distributions - Continuous Data Sets.
- Poisson Probability Distributions - Discrete Data Sets.
- Exponential Probability Distributions - Continuous Data Sets.
- The Expected Value of the Random Variable and its Variability.
- Learn When to Play a Game of Chance and When Not to Play a Game of Chance. (Expected Value Approach).
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Lecture 5 – Inferential Statistics- The Basics.
- Sampling Distribution of Sample Means.
- The Basics Associated with Inferential Statistics.
- Sampling Error.
- The Z-Process as it Applies to the Sampling Distribution of Sample Means.
- The Central Limit Theorem.
- Four Basic Methods of Sampling That Do Not Impune the Inferential Concept.
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Lecture 6 – Applying Inferential Statistics - Confidence Intervals.
- Confidence Intervals - What They Are and How to Calculate Them.
- How to Interpret Confidence Intervals.
- Applying the Z and the t Process.
- How to Control the Interval Width.
- How to Determine the Proper Sample Size.
- Four Properties of a Good Estimator.
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Lecture 7 – Applying Inferential Statistics - Hypothesis Testing for One and Two Populations.
- What is Hypothesis Testing?
- A Contrast Between Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Testing.
- How to Set Up a Null Hypothesis.
- Three Critical Questions That Will Aid in Setting Up the Null Hypothesis. (Secret to Setting Up the Alternative First).
- The Five Step Process for Beginners.
- Three Forms of Hypothesis Testing.
- Two Types of Errors - Alpha and Beta.
- The Use of Z or t-Testing in Hypothesis Testing for One Population.
- The Alternative Z-Test (A Short Cut) for One Population Testing.
- The p-Value and Its Meaning.
- An Aid in Understanding the Language of Hypothesis Testing.
- Hypothesis Testing for Two Populations. (Independent and Paired Sampling).
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Lecture 8 – Applying Inferential Statistics - ANOVA, F-Distribution, and Chi Square as a Parametric Test.
- The Chi-Square Test for the Variance of a Single Population.
- The Chi-Square Test as a Non-Parametric Test.
- The F-Distribution for the Variance of Two Populations.
- ANOVA - Analysis of Variance for Three or More Populations.
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Lecture 9 – Forecasting with Regression Analysis - Simple and Multiple Methods.
- Simple Regression Using the Method of Least Squares.
- The Difference Between a Deterministic and a Random Model.
- Answering the Question: How Good is the Relationship Between the Two Variables?
- The Measure of Goodness of Fit and The Measure of Standard Error.
- The Measure of the Strength of the Relationship.
- Multiple Regression - Adding More Independent Variables.
- Adjustments Necessary When Working with Multiple Regression.
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Lecture 10 – Forecasting with Time Series and the Use of Index Numbers.
- Use of Moving Averages in Plotting Data and in Forecasting.
- Use of Exponential Smoothing.
- Trend Analysis Using the Method of Least Squares.
- De-Composition of a Time Series.
- Index Numbers - Simple, Composite and Weighted.
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Lecture 11 – Quality Control - Assignable Cause Variation and Lot Acceptance Sampling.
- How to Construct a Mean and Range Chart.
- How to Construct a p-Chart and a c-Chart.
- How to Interpret a Control Chart.
- How to Develop the Acceptable Level of Defectives Before Sending the Shipment of Goods Back to the Supplier.
- Understanding a Double Sampling Plan.
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Lecture 12 – Non-Parametric Tests - Chi Square as a Non-Parametric Test and Others.
- Various Other Non-Parametric Tests.
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