Business Statistics - Lecture Content

 

•  Course Lectures

 

Lecture 1 – Descriptive Statistics

  • Population and Sample.
  • Random Sampling.
  • Parameter and Statistic.
  • Quantitative and Qualitative Variables.
  • Introduction to Raw (Ungrouped) Data Sets and Grouped Data Sets (Frequency Distributions.)
  • Calculations of Measures of Central Tendency for Raw Data Sets. (Mean, Median and Mode).
  • Calculations of Measures of Dispersion for Raw Data Sets.  (Range, Average Deviation, Variance, Standard Deviation, Percentiles, Quartiles and Deciles)

Lecture 2 – Descriptive Statistics II

  • Grouped Data Sets which are Known as Frequency Distributions.
  • Calculations of Measure of Central Tendency for Grouped Data Sets.
  • Calculations of Measures of Dispersion for Grouped Data Sets.
  • Adjustments if the Data Set is a Population or a Sample. 
  • The Empirical Rule and Chebyshev's Theorem.
  • Pearsonian's Coefficient of Skewness.
  • The Coefficient of Variation.

Lecture 3 – Probabilities-The Basics

  • The Three Generally Accepted Approaches to Probability.
  • Sample Space as Seen From Playing Cards.
  • Odds Making (for you horse racing enthusiasts).
  • Three Methods of Calculating Probabilities. (Probability Tree, Addition and Subtraction Rules, Frequency Table and Probability Table).
  • Arranging the Data Sets into Sub-Sets Using Permutations and Combinations.

Lecture 4 – Probabilities II - Probability Distributions

  • Binominal Probability Distributions - Discrete Data Sets.
  • Uniform Probability Distributions - Continuous Data Sets.
  • Normal and Standard Normal Probability Distributions - Continuous Data Sets.
  • Poisson Probability Distributions - Discrete Data Sets.
  • Exponential Probability Distributions - Continuous Data Sets.
  • The Expected Value of the Random Variable and its Variability.
  • Learn When to Play a Game of Chance and When Not to Play a Game of Chance.  (Expected Value Approach).

Lecture 5 – Inferential Statistics- The Basics.

  • Sampling Distribution of Sample Means.
  • The Basics Associated with Inferential Statistics.
  • Sampling Error.
  • The Z-Process as it Applies to the Sampling Distribution of Sample Means.
  • The Central Limit Theorem.
  • Four Basic Methods of Sampling That Do Not Impune the Inferential Concept. 

Lecture 6 – Applying Inferential Statistics - Confidence Intervals.

  • Confidence Intervals - What They Are and How to Calculate Them. 
  • How to Interpret Confidence Intervals.
  • Applying the Z and the t Process.
  • How to Control the Interval Width.
  • How to Determine the Proper Sample Size.
  • Four Properties of a Good Estimator. 

Lecture 7 – Applying Inferential Statistics - Hypothesis Testing for One and Two Populations.

  • What is Hypothesis Testing?
  • A Contrast Between Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Testing.
  • How to Set Up a Null Hypothesis. 
  • Three Critical Questions That Will Aid in Setting Up the Null Hypothesis.  (Secret to Setting Up the Alternative First). 
  • The Five Step Process for Beginners.
  • Three Forms of Hypothesis Testing. 
  • Two Types of Errors - Alpha and Beta.
  • The Use of Z or t-Testing in Hypothesis Testing for One Population.
  • The Alternative Z-Test (A Short Cut) for One Population Testing. 
  • The p-Value and Its Meaning. 
  • An Aid in Understanding the Language of Hypothesis Testing. 
  • Hypothesis Testing for Two Populations.  (Independent and Paired Sampling). 

Lecture 8 – Applying Inferential Statistics - ANOVA, F-Distribution, and Chi Square as a Parametric Test.

  • The Chi-Square Test for the Variance of a Single Population.
  • The Chi-Square Test as a Non-Parametric Test.
  • The F-Distribution for the Variance of Two Populations.
  • ANOVA - Analysis of Variance for Three or More Populations

Lecture 9 – Forecasting with Regression Analysis - Simple and Multiple Methods. 

  • Simple Regression Using the Method of Least Squares.
  • The Difference Between a Deterministic and a Random Model.
  • Answering the Question:  How Good is the Relationship Between the Two Variables?
  • The Measure of Goodness of Fit and The Measure of Standard Error. 
  • The Measure of the Strength of the Relationship.
  • Multiple Regression - Adding More Independent Variables. 
  • Adjustments Necessary When Working with Multiple Regression.  

  Lecture 10 – Forecasting with Time Series and the Use of Index Numbers.
  • Use of Moving Averages in Plotting Data and in Forecasting.
  • Use of Exponential Smoothing.
  • Trend Analysis Using the Method of Least Squares.
  • De-Composition of a Time Series.
  • Index Numbers - Simple, Composite and Weighted. 

  Lecture 11 – Quality Control - Assignable Cause Variation and Lot Acceptance Sampling.
  • How to Construct a Mean and Range Chart.
  • How to Construct a p-Chart and a c-Chart.
  • How to Interpret a Control Chart.
  • How to Develop the Acceptable Level of Defectives Before Sending the Shipment of Goods Back to the Supplier.
  • Understanding a Double Sampling Plan. 

 

Lecture 12 – Non-Parametric Tests - Chi Square as a Non-Parametric Test and Others.

  • Various Other Non-Parametric Tests. 



 

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